Handsome Mourning と Some Mourning――『あしながおじさん』のなかのサミュエル・ピープス(5) (Hand)Some Mourning: Samuel Pepys in Daddy-Long-Legs (5) [Daddy-Long-Legs]
Don't be nervous, Daddy―I haven't lost my mind; I'm merely quoting Sam'l Pepys. We're reading him in connection with English History, original sources. Sallie and Julia and I converse now in the language of 1660. Listen to this:
"I went [out] to Charing Cross to see Major Harrison hanged, drawn and quartered: he looking as cheerful as any man could do in that condition." And this: "Dined with my l [←L]ady who is in handsome [←some] mourning for her brother who died yesterday of spotted fever."
（心配なさらないで、ダディー――わたしは気がヘンになってはいません。サミュル・ピープスを引用しているだけです。「英国史」がらみでわたしたちはピープスを読んでいます、原典を。サリーとジュリアとわたしはいま1600年の言葉で会話をしています。聞いてみてください――
「チャリング・クロスに、ハリソン少佐が絞首され引き回され〔臓腑を抜かれ drawn の意味については「Hanged, Drawn and Quartered」で検証しました〕四つ裂きにされるさまを見物に出かけた。彼はかような状況で可能な限り陽気そうに見えた。」 それからこれ――「昨日発疹チフスで死んだ兄のためたっぷり喪に服している夫人と外食をした」） [Penguin Classics 117]この英語は、特に古い文体という感じはしないと思われますし、死を平然と扱うさまに違和感を覚えて引いているのではないかと思われます（がよくわかりません）。
[・・・・・・]
DIARY OF SAMUEL PEPYS.
JULY 1661
3rd. To Westminster to Mr. Edward Montagu about business of my Lord's, and so to the Wardrobe, and there dined with my Lady, who is in some mourning for her brother, Mr. Saml. Crew, who died yesterday of the spotted fever. So home through Duck Lane' to inquire for some Spanish books, but found none that pleased me. So to the office, and that being done to Sir W. Batten's with the Comptroller, where we sat late talking and disputing with Mr. Mills the parson of our parish. This day my Lady Batten and my wife were at the burial of a daughter of Sir John Lawson's, and had rings for themselves and their husbands. Home and to bed.〔「『あしながおじさん』のなかのサミュエル・ピープス(3) Samuel Pepys in Daddy-Long-Legs (3)」〕
自分の前の記事を引用しちゃったりして、父としていや遅々として進みませんがご容赦を。
ジュディーはサミュエル・ピープスの日記原文の "in some mourning for her brother" を"in handsome mourning for her brother" に変更しています。この改変によって何が起こったのか、気になって気になって。
というのも、自分は "some" という、漠然とした量を、"handsome" (=considerable) というたっぷりした量の「喪」に変更したとばかり考えておったのですけれど、『あしながおじさん』の翻訳の多くは、ピープスの奥さんが派手な喪服で着飾っているさま、ととっておるからです。
mourning という言葉は抽象的に「喪」の意味と、具象的に「喪服」の意味があります。 だから、"handsome mourning" というフレーズになったとたんに「喪」ではなくて「喪服」という具体性を帯びて読まれるのは、わかります。以下はなかばひまつぶしに "handsome mourning" の具体例の列挙です。個人的には葬式・埋葬関係の歴史への興味をひきずっており。
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1860年代の喪服 image via 19th Century Mourning Clothing <http://19thcenturyartofmourning.com/19th_century_mourning_clothing.htm>
(1) イギリスの女性作家 Elizabeth Gaskell (1810-65) の小説 Ruth (1853) の第36章 "The End"――
Mrs. Farquhar had comforted the bitterness of Sally's grief by giving her very handsome mourning. At any rate, she felt oddly proud and exulting when she thought of her new black gown; but, when she remembered why she wore it, she scolded herself pretty sharply for her satisfaction, and took to crying afresh with redoubled vigour. She spent the Sunday morning in alternately smoothing down her skirts and adjusting her broad hemmed collar, or bemoaning the occasion with tearful earnestness. But the sorrow overcame the little quaint vanity of her heart, as she saw troop after troop of humbly-dressed mourners pass by into the old chapel. They were very poor--but each had mounted some rusty piece of crape, or some faded black ribbon. The old came halting and slow--the mothers carried their quiet, awe-struck babes. <http://books.google.co.jp/books?id=2PZxjZYnNQUC&pg=PT296&lpg=PT296&dq=%22handsome+mourning%22&source=bl&ots=gXtlbYyUPv&sig=ZCJQXHwZdohieVBW7xpUBenTGDs&hl=ja&ei=4642S9WLI43e7AOXxeD2CQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CC4Q6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=%22handsome%20mourning%22&f=false>
ファーカー夫人 (Mrs. Farquhar) の新調の黒のガウンは、粗末ななりをした貧しい弔問者たちの 一団 (troop after troop of humbly-dressed mourners) と対比されていて、 "handsome mourning" は、やはり喪服の立派さにかかわるのでしょうか。あ、つうか、giving とあるので、サリーに与えた喪服が mourning ですか。ですね。
(2) イギリスの女性児童作家 Charlotte Yonge (1823-1901) のThe Two Sides of the Shield の第6章 "Persecution"――
Nor had her [Dolores'] handsome mourning been taken from her and old clothes of her cousin substituted for it. No, but she had been cruelly pulled about between Mrs. Halfpenny and the Silverton dressmaker with a mouthful of pins; and Aunt Lily had insisted on her dress being trimmed with velvet, instead of the jingling jet she preferred. <http://www.archive.org/stream/twosidesofshield00yonguoft#page/86/mode/2up/search/mourning>
いとこの古着に替えられなかった "it" が handsome mourning なので、明らかに喪服の意味です。
(3) 1802年Mount Vernon のMartha Washington という女性がしたためた遺言状――
Item it is my will and desire that Anna Maria Washington the daughter of my niece be put into handsome mourning at my death at the expense of my estate and I bequeath to her ten guineas to buy a ring. （一つ。私の姪の娘アンナ・マライア・ワシントンが私の死に際して私の遺産からの出費により "handsome mourning" に服せるよう希望し遺言する。また、指輪を一個買うために10ギニーを遺贈する。） <http://www.fairfaxcounty.gov/courts/circuit/pdf/mwtranscript.pdf>
「服せる」と訳しましたが "put into" は「着せる」の意味でやっぱり服なんでしょうか。指輪は喪とは別件なのか不明。
(4) Romance Readers and Romance Writers: A Satirical Novel (BY THE AUTHOR OF ‘A PRIVATE HISTORY OF THE COURT OF ENGLAND, &C.’) (London, 1810) の第16章 "New Character" ――
She was immediately put in possession of a beautifully decorated dressing-room and bed-chamber, which, with all her native sweetness and polish of manners, Mrs. Davenport desired her, while she gave her at the same time a kind embrace, to consider her own.
Margaret had been put into very handsome mourning for her uncle, at Mrs. Davenport’s expence: she was now in a fine black cloth riding-habit, and being in sables, her dress she knew would be soon adjusted for their seven o’clock dinner, and throwing off her hat, she sat down on a superb sofa-bed, to admire all around her, and feast her eyes with the beauty of that apartment, which she had been told to consider as her own.
The beautifully devised little fire-screens, the emigrant bellows, and the portable book-cases, all shewed the opulence of their possessors, and the elaborate skill of the artist; they were not only tasteful trifles, they were costly; of the most expensive materials, and of the choicest and most difficult to be obtained foreign wood that could be purchased. <http://www.chawton.org/library/novels/files/Romance2.html>
このロマンス批判ノヴェルに出てくる "handsome mourning" は前置詞 for と一緒になっているのですけれど、服なのでしょうね。ダヴェンポート夫人がお金を出してくれて、おじさんのための喪服を身につけたという。
(5) Recollections of a French Marchioness (London, 1846) 第7章――
She preceded us as far as a sort of throne-room filled with ecuyers, pages, and other gentlemen belonging to her, all dressed in handsome mourning, as well as their mistress, on account of the King's death; for the innovations of the Duchesse de Berry had not penetrated the gilded and emblazoned gratings of the Hotel de Lesdiguieres. <http://www.archive.org/stream/recollectionsoff01londiala/recollectionsoff01londiala_djvu.txt>
やっぱり服なのかしら。
(6) Charlotte M. Brame (Charlotte Monica), 1836-1884 の Dora Thorne 第19章――
[. . .] She wrote to the Elms, telling Dora of her husband's death, and announcing her own coming; then the little household understood that their quiet and solitude had ended forever.
The first thing was to provide handsome mourning. Dora was strangely quiet and sad through it all. The girls asked a hundred questions about their father, whom they longed to see. They knew he had left home in consequence of some quarrel with his father--so much Lady Earle told them--but they never dreamed that his marriage had caused the fatal disagreement; they never knew that, for their mother's sake, Lady Earle carefully concealed all knowledge of it from them. <http://www.sveninho.com/book/1871137/Dora-Thorne/num_218.html>
(7) Hesba Stretton の小説 Carola 第4章 "The Book and Its Captive"――
"You ought to go to your parish priest," the chaplain at the cemetery had said to her; he who had given her the book. This she would do at once; and in eager haste she dressed herself in the handsome mourning she had not worn since the day of the funeral. She descended the ladder into the room, where Matthias was ceremoniously washing his hands up to the elbow, before sitting down to the frugal supper. Her face was pale, but her dark eyes shone with suppressed excitement. <http://www3.shropshire-cc.gov.uk/etexts/E000423.htm>
この一節では、めずらしく冠詞 the がくっついていて（「葬儀の日から着ていなかった」という限定が関係代名詞(省略）節で就職修飾〔2010.11.29訂正〕されて限定されているからです）、"dressed" や "worn" という動詞とのつながりもあるし、ああ、やっぱり服なのね、と納得します。
(8) ヨークシアの女性の1824年9月の記述――
from Celebrating women's history [From History to Her Story: Yorkshire Women's Lives On-Line, 1100 to the Present]<http://www.historytoherstory.org.uk/article_pdf/42.pdf?PHPSESSID=40ebb91ee76dd8398f57769b18be3c6e>
この文章は読みにくくてよくわからないのですけれど、"all the English were in handsome mourning" とされているけれど、Sorteval氏が実際に言ったのは "all the English were in mourning" だった、ということです。ここにおける "mourning" は、喪服ではなくて「喪」の意味なのでしょうか？
（ようやく）ひるがえって、ピープスの日記の原文の "in some mourning for his brother" のmourning は服の意味なのでしょうか？ 喪服の場合に "some" というのはなんだかヘンです（とモーリちゃんの父には最初から思われたわけです）。もっとも「ちょっとした」とか「けっこうな」みたいな、informal な "some" というのもありますけれども。
ともあれ、ジュディー＝ジーン・ウェブスターは、"some mourning" を "handsome mourning" とおちゃめに変更することによって、「喪」の抽象的・精神的意味から、喪服の立派さ・派手さという具象的な意味に変化させてしまったらしいことはいちおう納得した次第です。
（ついでながら、「"dined with" 誰々」、というより、"dined with my Lady" という文はピープスの日記に頻出する記述であり、特に盛大な晩餐とかいう含みはまったくないでしょう。それでも、『あしながおじさん』のコンテクストを忖度して、少し色をつける必要を感じたので、日記の内容にしたがって、「外食」という言葉にしましたけれど。だから、日記原文は、ルースに書き記した情報なのであって、少なくともピープス自身に「食事」と「喪」をなんらかの意味をもって結びつける意図はまったくなかったと思われます。）
そして、そのことは、外見（衣装）は嘆いていても、内面はそうでもなく、だから、がっつり飯を食う、という外と内の違和、それと冒頭に書いたような、昔の死生観の現代との違和、みたいなことが頭の中にあったのかもしれません。もっとも、前者については、そう考えると、トマス・ハリソンについては、もう一回ねじれて、鷹揚とした態度の裏側に別のものが隠されているということになって、ぐるぐるぐるぐる頭が回ってしまいそうですけれどｗ。いや、そうではなくて、やはり死を cheerful に捉えるという一点ですかね。
以下ただのメモ・・・・・・
アメリカの女性作家Mary Wilkins Freeman (1852-1930) の By the Light of the Soul 第27章――
Ida had obtained a very handsome mourning wardrobe for both herself and Evelyn, and had superintended Maria's. Maria paid for her clothes out of her small earnings, however. Ida had her dress-maker's bill made out separately, and gave it to her. Maria calculated that she would have just about enough to pay her fare back to Amity without touching that sacred blood-money in the
savings-bank. <http://www.bookpages.org.ua/book/2953521/By-the-Light-of-the-Soul-A-Novel/num_417.html>
この不定冠詞の a の付加は、mourning を形容詞として wardrobe という可算名詞が用いられたことにより出現したものと思われます（つまり名詞の mourning はuncountable――喪服でも、なの?）。
2009年12月28日付記
my Lady をとりちがえていたことに気づきました。人妻でした。恥ずかしいです。
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Elizabeth Gaskell, Ruth E-text at Guteberg <http://ia301536.us.archive.org/0/items/ruth04275gut/gruth11.txt>
Charlotte Mary Yonge, The Two Sides of the Shield E-text at Gutenberg <http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext04/twsss10h.htm>
"The Author of 'A Private History of the Court of England, &c.", Romance Readers and Romance Writers: A Satirical Novel (London, 1810) E-text <http://www.chawton.org/library/novels/files/Romance2.html>
"19th Century Mourning Clothing" <http://19thcenturyartofmourning.com/19th_century_mourning_clothing.htm> 〔19th Century Art of Mourning <http://19thcenturyartofmourning.com/index.htm>〕
Giotto, The Mourning of Christ (c.1305) image via Web Museum, Paris <http://www.dl.ket.org/webmuseum/wm/paint/auth/giotto/mourning-christ/index.htm>
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